最初由 xulion 发表
尝试翻译了一下，不是很好，大家将就看。
Fisheye: No known uses, except to illustrate fisheye effects in photo how-to books.
鱼眼： 没有已知用途，除了在摄影教科书中演示效果。
Ultra-wide rectilinears wider than 19mm: Occasional interiors. Also used to stump gearheads trying to find stuff to photograph with the things.
广于19mm的超广角直线校正（rectilinears）：偶尔室内使用。也用于寻找被摄物体。
Ultra-wide-angle (19, 20, 21, or 24mm): One of the four of five essential lenses for pros, broadly useful for artists and accomplished amateurs. Used for landscapes, interiors, street shooting, crowd shots, etc. Also used by bored amateurs as the next thing to covet for purchase. Despite the ubiquity of this focal length, relatively few photographers are practiced enough or visually acute enough to use this type of lens effectively; lots more people own these than do good work with them. See Brian Bowers’ Leica books for a rare example of a scenic photographer who actually sees well with a 21mm.
超广角(19, 20, 21, or 24mm)：专业人员最基本的镜头之一， 广泛地被艺术家和熟练的爱好者使用。用于风景，室内，扫街，人堆（拥挤的），等等。同时也被无聊的爱好者作为下一个购买目标。尽管这个焦段随处可见, 能够熟练且精准地使用它的摄影师却不多; 更多的人只是拥有罢了. 在Brian Bower的 Leica books可看到一些罕见的绝佳的使用21mm拍摄的风景照片.
Ultra-wide-angle zoom (wide end 20mm or wider): useful for when the photographer would like to carry one heavy lens instead of three light ones, or has a breezy, devil-may-care attitude towards flare effects. Secondary “CYA” lens for pros who aren’t great with wide angles in the first place. (Exceptions do exist.) Also sometimes paired with a fast 80-200mm zoom as a professional’s only two lenses.
超广角变焦（广角端20mm或更广）：当摄影师希望携带一个重镜头而不是3个轻的时，是很有用的，或者当摄影师对耀斑（flare effects）不是很在意的时候。也可以作为对广角不太擅长的专业人士的第二个“CYA”镜头。(确实也有例外.) 有时和一个快速的80-200mm变焦配对--作为一个专业摄影师仅有的两个镜头.
Wide angles: Now that 24mm is more often lumped with 20mm and 35mm has become an alternative “normal” focal length, this class has contracted down to one fixed focal length, 28mm. Useful as a do-anything lens (especially for street and art photography, photojournalism, faux photojournalism, and environmental portraits) where a wide “look” is desired, and/or to complement a 50mm main lens, and/or for pressing into service in place of a super-wide when the photographer does not own same.
广角: 现在24mm更多地和20mm,35mm一起成为"常规"角段的另一选择. 这个等级的镜头浓缩为了一个定焦:28mm. 一个有用的当摄影师希望广视角时的万能镜头 (特别适合扫街, 艺术, 新闻摄影, 伪新闻摄影(faux photojournalism), 环境肖像), 或者作为50mm标头的补充, 或者当摄影师没有超广角的时候顶替一下.
Shift lenses: Buildings. Used for the overcorrection of convergence caused by perspective.
透视控制镜头(Shift lenses): 建筑物. 用来校正视觉透视导致的收敛(倾斜).
Ditto, but with tilt: Ditto above, plus landscapes with tons of foreground and tables laden with food.
Ditto, but with tilt: 复制上面的，在风景前加上一堆前景和放满食物的桌子。
“Pancake” Tessar-types, usually 45mm: Good for lightening the burden of photographers who would rather not carry an SLR at all.
薄饼装的, Tessar类, 多为45mm: 对减轻一个根本不想携带单反的摄影师的担子而言是很不错的.
All-purpose 28-200mm zoom lenses: Bad snapshots. Also great for making five rolls of film last a whole year. All-purpose = no purpose.
28-200全能变焦镜头: 劣质的用于照快照的镜头. 一年五卷胶卷, 全能=无用.
Wide normal primes (35mm): Alternative normal. Often, the thing replaced by a zoom. Easiest focal length to shoot with. Best focal length for Leicas.Not really "wide" by today's standards, 35mm is an alternative normal. Leica M6, 35mm pre-ASPH., Ilford XP-2.
常规广角镜(35mm): 备选的常规镜头. 它经常被变焦头替代. 最容易掌握的拍摄焦距. Leica最好的焦距. 相对今天的标准而言, 不是足够的"广", 是另一种常规镜头.
Normal/standard (50mm): Useful for taking photographs, if you have a thick skin. When used exclusively, classic “hair shirt” lens for disciplining oneself needlessly. Strangely, when in skilled hands, can mimic moderate wide angles as well as short telephotos. According to one far Eastern expert, lower yield of usable shots than 35mm lens, but higher yield of great shots. Second best focal length for a Leica.
常规/标准(50mm): 用来拍照, 如果你脸皮够厚. 当单独使用时, 用于训练自己的经典“hair shirt”镜头就不再需要了. 奇怪的是, 当有技巧的使用它时, 可以营造中度的广角和短长焦的效果. 根据一位远东的专家所言, 使用此镜头的产出低于35mm, 但是好照片产出却高于. Leica的第二好焦距.
Standard 55–58mm: Shows you use a really, really old camera.
标准55-58mm: 展示你正在使用一款很很老的相机.
Macros/micros: Flowers, bugs, eyeballs, eyelashes, small products, tchotchkes. Dew-covered spider webs, frost patterns on windowpanes. Great hobby lenses, as macro photographers are among the only happy photo enthusiasts. Also much utilized by photography buffs who like to test lenses.
微距: 花, 虫, 眼球, 睫毛, 小物品, 小装饰, 挂着露水的蜘蛛网, 窗玻璃上的霜花. 鉴于微距摄影师是幸福的狂热摄影爱好者的一员, 它是很好的爱好镜头. 同时总是被摄影迷们拿来测试镜头.
Superfast normals (ƒ/1, ƒ/1.2): Used for people who like limited depth of field, as well as for people who like to complain about limited depth of field. Also, especially when aspherical elements are involved, an effective way to vaporize excess cash for almost no good reason.
超高速常规(ƒ/1, ƒ/1.2)：当人们需要有限的景深的时候使用，同样适合哪些总是对景深有抱怨的人士。当引入了非球面镜片后，便成了一个有效的，没有理由的，快速蒸发你的金钱的途径。
Standard zooms (35-70mm, 28-105mm, 35-135mm, etc.): Used for taking pictures in bright light—mainly snapshots, scenics, cars, travel pictures, seminaked women, underexposed pictures, and pictures blasted by uncontrolled on-camera flash. Evidently very useful for clichés. Sometimes used to remove interchangeability feature from interchangeable-lens cameras.
标准变焦头(35-70mm, 28-105mm, 35-135mm, 等等.): 用来在明亮的光线环境中拍摄快照（留念照？），风景，汽车，旅行图片，半裸女人，曝光不足的照片，和被没有控制的内置闪光破坏了的照片。显然对那些陈词滥调般的玩意儿是很有用的。有时也用于去除可交换镜头相机的镜头可交换特性。
Fast medium zooms: For pros, bread-and-butter lenses. For amateurs, often left at home rather than lugged around all day. If very expensive, big, and heavy, may be almost as good and almost as fast at any given focal length as cheap fixed primes. Good for making both hobbyists and their portrait subjects feel self-conscious.
高速中焦变焦：专业人员的实用镜头。对爱好者来讲，更多是丢在家里而不是整天带在身上。如果很贵，很大，很重，那么它几乎可以做到和那些等焦距廉价的定焦一样快和好。是一款很好的满足爱好和拍摄自我欣赏的肖像作品的镜头。
Short teles (75, 77, 80, 85, 90, 100, or 105mm): Portraits, tight landscapes, headshots, beauty and glamor. In skilled hands, can be used for general and art photography, photojournalism. Essential.
短望远镜头（75, 77, 80, 85, 90, 100, or 105mm）：肖像，tight（很难找到合适的词语来描述tight, 大意为紧绷的，压迫的）风景，头像，美女。在高水平的人手中，可以用来做常规或艺术摄影，新闻。必备镜头。
135mm prime: Little owned, less used. Became a standard 35mm focal length when rangefinders were the main camera type because it’s the longest focal length that is feasible on a rangefinder. Now vestigial, like a male’s nipples.
135mm镜头：保有量小，较少使用。在旁轴相机上成为标准35mm焦距，因为旁轴相机的测距器可达的最长焦距是135mm（感谢freecloud）。现在它已经退化了，就像男人的乳头一样。
Fast 180mm or 200mm prime: Longest general use lens for photojournalism. Sports, beauty, auto races, surveillance in film noire.
快速180mm或200mm：新闻摄影师通常使用的最长的焦距。体育，美女，赛车，在电影noire(黑)中用于监视。
Slow 180mm or 200mm prime: Lightweight and easy to carry. May project a certain “image,” i.e. that you are poor or cheap.
低速180mm或200mm：轻量级，易于携带。向人投射一个信号：你很穷。
Standard telephoto zoom (70 or 80 to 180, 200, or 210): Whether slow or fast, indispensable for most photographers, amateur or pro. Used for all kinds of action, activity, fashion, portrait, headshot, reportage, sports, wildlife, landscape, and nature photography. Covers all the telephoto range most photographers ever need, at least until they become afflicted by the terrible urge to photograph birds.
标准望远变焦(70或80到180, 200或210): 无论快慢，对多数摄影师，爱好者或专业人员来说都是必须的。用来拍摄各种动作场面，活动，时装，人像，头像，报道图片，体育，野生动物和大自然摄影。涵盖了摄影师需要的所有的望远焦段。至少一直可以支持到他们开始被可怕地怂恿以至于迷恋拍摄鸟类。
IS (Canon) or VR (Nikon) standard telephoto zoom: Same as above, but for photographers who drink lotsa coffee and/or do crank.
IS (Canon) or VR (Nikon) 标准望远变焦: 同上, 但是只是为了那些喝了太多coffee或脾气暴躁的摄影师准备的.
Fast 300mm: Fashion, catalog, runway, sports, nature, air shows. Important lens for pros, also for nature photographers. Tough for amateurs unless shooting surreptitious faces in crowds or critters. Status symbol. As fashion, looks grand when accessorizing a photo vest.
300mm高速: 时装, 编目图片(插图), 跑道/河道, 体育, 大自然, 航空表演. 专业摄影师和大自然摄影师的重要镜头. 对业余爱好者来讲, 除了偷拍, 或拍摄生物以外, 无法使用. 地位的象征. 像时装一样, 穿上摄影背心显得很隆重.
Super-telephoto zooms (to 300mm or more on long end): For adjusting FOV when standpoint is constrained. Replaces several heavy primes. Sometimes pressed into service by amateurs who have burr up ass about having all focal lengths “covered.”
超级望远变焦(到300mm或更远): 当站立点不佳时用来调整FOV(field of view). 用来替代一些重型的定焦. 一些时候也被一些业余爱好者用来声称所有焦段被覆盖了.
400mm: Critters, sports, and birds. Landscapes, if you’re a nut. Also good for photographing football games when you don’t want the picture to show a dang thing about what’s going on.
400mm: 生物, 体育, 鸟类. 风景(如果你是个疯子). 足球比赛时, 如果你不想照片展示怎么回事的时候, 是很好的镜头.
500mm: Critters and birds. Money laundering: can be bought and sold to placate wife about questionable expenses. “But I sold one of my lenses to pay for it, honey, honest.”
500mm: 生物和鸟. 洗钱, 可以买来再卖来消除可以的开支. "亲爱的, 我为了它可是卖了一个镜头呢! 真的!".
600mm: Critters.
600mm: 生物
1200mm: No known uses.
1200mm: 没有已知的用途
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